This is the direct examination of the urethra, bladder, and the ureter by means of a metal tube throgh the urethral opening. This procedure can be done under local anesthesia if only examination is involved. Otherwise, general anesthesia will be needed. This procedure is used for the collection of urine specimen, measurement of bladder capacity, and placement of ureteric stents. It is also used for the biopsy and resection of bladder and prostate tumors, benign hypertrophic prostate, and manipulation and removal of bladder and ureteric stones.